Hamartoma congénito de músculo liso / The congenital smooth muscle hamartoma

El hamartoma congénito de músculo liso es una malformación cutánea benigna poco frecuente. Se trata de una acumulación hamartomatosa de las fibras musculares lisas provenientes de los músculos erectores del pelo. Está presente al nacimiento, habitualmente en forma de una placa indurada solitaria, con un grado variable de hiperpigmentación e hipertricosis. Puede persistir indefinidamente, aunque existe cierta tendencia a hacerse menos notoria con el tiempo. No suele requerir ningún tratamiento (AU)

The congenital smooth muscle hamartoma is a rare benign cutaneous malformation. It is a hamartomatous accumulation of the smooth muscular fibers from the hair erecting muscles. It usually exists since birth in the shape of solitary hardened plaque, with a variable degree of hyper pigmentation and hypertrichosis. It may persist indefinitely, though certain tendency exists of becoming less notorious with time. It usually does not need of any treatment (AU)

Nevo melanocítico ungueal / Nail melanocytic nevus

El nevo melanocítico de la matriz ungueal se define como una proliferación benigna de melanocitos dispuestos en nidos en la matriz. Clínicamente se manifiesta en forma de una melanoniquia ungueal, es decir, como una línea pigmentada longitudinal en la tabla ungueal. Se trata de una localización poco frecuente dentro de los nevos melanocíticos y, aunque tradicionalmente se pensaba que la mayoría eran congénitos, hoy sabemos que casi la mitad de los casos son adquiridos, apareciendo a lo largo de los años. Son más frecuentes en las uñas de las manos que en las de los pies, sobre todo en el pulgar, y a veces son difíciles de diferenciar histológicamente del melanoma ungueal, ya que en un 15% de los casos pueden observarse atipias celulares en lesiones benignas. Dado que el melanoma de la matriz ungueal en niños es excepcional, no se recomienda la realización de una biopsia de la matriz ungueal, salvo por petición específica familiar, aunque es fundamental realizar un seguimiento a largo plazo para detectar posibles cambios sugestivos de malignidad (AU)

The nail melanocytic nevus corresponds to a benign melanocytichyperplasia with at least one nest. These lesions manifestas longitudinal melanonychia, in other words, as a pigmented longitudinal streak of the nail plate. It is an uncommon localization. Although most of the nail matrix nevus reported in the literature are congenital, today the series indicates that acquired nevus are as common. Nail matrix nevus occur more frequently in fingernails than in toenails, being the most frequent localization the thumb. Being sometimes difficult to differentiate in a histological manner from the nail melanocytic, as in 15% of the cases we can observe atypical cells or benign lesions. Because nail matrix melanoma in children is exceptional, we do not recommend a biopsy on children with melanonychiaun less the parents specifically request it, but long-term follow-up is mandatory for the early detection of possible malignant changes (AU)

Liquen «ruber» plano / Lichen ruber planus

El liquen plano es una enfermedad inflamatoria idiopática de la piel y las mucosas. Se caracteriza por pápulas de color violáceo, muy pruriginosas. Afectan en mayor medida a las muñecas, los antebrazos, los tobillos, los genitales y la mucosa oral. El liquen plano es una enfermedad que se presenta con más frecuencia en adultos de mediana edad, y es menos habitual en la edad pediátrica (AU)

Lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. It is a pruritic papular eruption characterized by its violaceous color. They affect to a greatest extent the wrists, forearms, ankles, genital and oral mucosa. Lichen planus is a disease that occurs most often in middle age adult, being less frequent during pediatric age (AU)

Pápulas calcificadas en los pies / Calcified papules on the feet

Presentamos el caso de una niña con nódulos calcificados subepidérmicos, localizados en los pies desde los 2 meses de edad. No había antecedentes de pinchazos ni traumatismos locales. El examen histopatológico reveló múltiples depósitos basófilos en la dermis superior, inmediatamente por debajo de la epidermis. Estos depósitos estaban rodeados de células gigantes de cuerpo extraño. El nódulo calcificado subepidérmico se clasifica dentro de las calcificaciones subepidérmicas idiopáticas, y generalmente afecta a los niños. La lesión suele localizarse en la cabeza y el cuello, sobre todo en la cara, pero puede aparecer en las extremidades. Son nódulos generalmente solitarios, aunque también pueden ser múltiples. Clínicamente se trata de nódulos bien circunscritos, verrugosos, de color blanco-amarillento o eritematoso. Su patogenia es incierta. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación quirúrgica (AU)

We report a case of subepidermal calcified nodules (SCNs) localized on a girl's feet since she was two months of age. No previous histories of shots or local trauma were reported. The histopathologic examination showed multiple basophilic deposits in the upper dermis, immediately beneath the epidermis. These deposits were surrounded by foreign body giant cells. The subepidermal calcified nodule is classified under idiopathic subepidermal calcifications, and it commonly affects children. The lesion usually occurs on the head and neck region, mainly on the face, but it can be localized on the extremities. They are usually alone, but multiple lesions can appear. Clinically they are well circunscribe, warty nodules, which can be yellowish-white or erythematous. Their pathogenesis is uncertain. The treatment of choice is believed to be surgical excision (AU)

Up-regulation of CCL17, CCL22 and CCR4 in drug-induced maculopapular exanthema.

BACKGROUND: Maculopapular exanthema has been reported to be the most frequently drug-induced cutaneous reaction. Although T lymphocytes are involved in the pathomechanism of this disease, little is know about the recruitment of these cells to the skin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to study the role of the chemokines TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 in the lymphocyte trafficking to affected skin in drug-induced exanthemas. METHODS: Real-time PCR was performed to quantify gene expression levels of CCL17, CCL22 and their receptor CCR4 in lesional skin biopsies and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients. CCL27 and CCL22 proteins were detected in the skin by immunochemistry. Protein expression of CCR4 was determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Functional migration assays to CCL17 and CCL22 were assessed to compare the migratory responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients and healthy subjects. RESULTS: CCL17 and CCL22 were up-regulated in maculopapular exanthema-affected skin. CCR4 mRNA levels and protein expression were increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the acute phase of the disease. The increased expression of the receptor was consistent with a higher response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to CCL17 and CCL22 compared with the migratory response in healthy donors. CONCLUSION: TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 might cooperate in attracting T lymphocytes to skin in drug-induced maculopapular exanthemas.

Enfermedad por arañazo de gato / Cat scratch disease

No disponible